allocation/ deallocation of storage to programs

protection of storage area allocated to a program from illegal access by other programs in the system

the status of each program

both allocation/ deallocation of storage to programs and protection of storage area allocated to a program from illegal access by other programs in the system

" Compile and GO " loader

Boot loader

Boot strap loader

Relating loader

a portion of memory is wasted because the case occupied by the assembler is unavailable to the object program

it is necessary to re-translate the users program and check every time it is run

it is very difficult to handle multiple segments, especially if the source programs are in different languages and to produce orderly modular programs

all of these

assign storage to all variables referenced in the source program

assign storage to all temporary locations that are necessary for intermediate results

assign storage to literals, and to ensure that the storage is allocated and appropriate locations are initialized

all of these

cannot be made to execute in any area of storage other than the one designated for it at the time of its coding or translation

consists of a program and relevant information for its relocation

can itself perform the relocation of its address sensitive portions

all of these