15 mm

20 mm

25 mm

50mm

5% less

10% less

5% more

10% more

more than or equal to one fourth of diameter of main bar

more than or equal to 5 mm

more than 5 mm but less than one-fourth of diameter of main bar

more than 5 mm and also more than one-fourth of diameter of main bar

capacity of column is decreased

ductility of column reduces

capacity of column is decreased but ductility of column increases

both the capacity of column and ductility of column increase

2

4

6

8