greater tensile strength in longer direction

greater tensile strength in shorter direction

same tensile strength in all directions

none of the above

parallel to grains

45° to grains

perpendicular to grains

same in all directions

4% to 6%

10% to 12%

15% to 20%

100%

log

batten

plank

baulk

cambium layer

annular rings

medullary rays

heart wood