2 to 4

4 to 6

6 to 8

8 to 10

1 to 2 minutes

30 to 45 minutes

2 to 6 hours

2 to 6 days

does not require alkalinity in water for flocculation

does not affect pH value of water

increases pH value of water

decreases pH value of water

sulphuric acid

copper sulphate

lime

sodium permanganate

dissolved organic substances

dissolved solids and dissolved gases

floating solids and dissolved inorganic solids

bacteria and colloidal solids